北京地区地热水氘过量参数特征分析   总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0       下载免费PDF全文

刘 凯 刘颖超 孙 颖刘久荣  王树芳刘宗明 《中国地质》2015,(6):2029-2029

文章通过80组不同地热田的样品,分析总结了北京地区地热水资源氘过量参数的特征:(1)地热水的平均δ值为5.4,常温地下水的平均d值为6.04,热水的d值与氚值都较低,水岩作用所导致的氧同位素交换比冷水更容易进行;(2)地下热水的氢和氧同位素组成具有明显的热交换趋势,d值随地下水年龄增大而递增,当地热水年龄为(12.76±0.13)ka时,d值为11.2,而当地热水年龄为(38.96±0.63)ka,d值为14.6;(3)在同一地区,d值随着地下水埋深加大而减小,埋深为125.13 m时d值为5.72,埋深为3221 m时,d值为3.03;(4)从补给源到排泄区,地下水的d值应逐渐降低,其中北部补给区平均d值为7.31,北京断陷盆地平均d值为5.68,南部凤河营地区仅为-9.20;补给源区与排泄区水的d的差值越大,地下水的运动速度越慢;(5)当Eh小于200 m V时,北京地区地下热水的d值随着Eh值的降低而减少,如在桐热-7中,氧化还原电位为-326 m V,d值为-9.20,而在TR-43中氧化还原电位为158 m V,d值为7.48;当Eh大于200 m V时,地下热水的d值随着Eh值的降低而增加,但增幅较小。  相似文献   

非火山地热区玛旁雍热田土壤CO_2脱气研究          下载免费PDF全文

肖琼  王鹏  沈立成薛 梅 《中国地质》2015,(6):2019-2019

地热活动是地球脱气的重要形式之一,其过程常伴随大量温室气体排放。选取非火山地热区西藏玛旁雍热田作为研究对象,基于菲克扩散定律对地热田区土壤CO_2脱气量进行评估。结果表明:该区一般土壤CO_2脱气通量为0.167~0.771 kg/(m2·a),含喷气孔区域土壤CO_2脱气通量为2.054~7.877 kg/(m2·a),含喷气孔地区的土壤CO_2脱气通量是一般土壤脱气量的18.9倍;与全球火山区土壤脱气量(0.001~2.25 Mt/(m2·a))相比,其值显著偏低;但比青藏高原高寒草原生态系统土壤的CO_2排放量(187.46 g/(m2·a))大。结合区域地质背景推测地热系统中的CO_2含量主要来源于岩浆脱气和热液同长石等围岩矿物的蚀变反应。区内土壤CO_2的低脱气通量受透水性较差的碎屑岩沉积盖层约束。  相似文献   

老挝龙湖钾盐矿床沉积碳酸盐碳、氧同位素组成及其对成钾环境的初步指示     

韩元红  马海州  张西营  王琪  罗厚勇  李建森  廖朋  朱军 《大地构造与成矿学》2015,(2)

碳、氧同位素作为反映古沉积环境、成矿物源和水–岩反应等良好的稳定同位素指标,被广泛应用。通过对老挝龙湖钾盐矿区ZK309、ZK301、ZK311和ZK004四个钻孔农波组盐岩上覆泥岩碳、氧同位素组成的分析,讨论了盐岩上覆泥岩沉积的碳、氧同位素组成变化特征及其指示的沉积环境。经分析,所测碳、氧同位素基本代表了碳酸盐碳、氧同位素组成,初步推测这些碳酸盐均为当地自生,受后期改变很少,δ13C和δ18O平均值分别为-5.1‰和-4.6‰,其中δ13C值略高于一般陆相碳酸盐碳同位素最大值–5.69‰,δ18O值介于–2.71‰~–10.8‰之间,ZK309和ZK301钻孔碳、氧同位素相关系数均小于0.7,初步指示盐岩沉积之后沉积环境为陆相。δ13C值略高于–5.69‰,推测是后期盐岩层被淋滤,泥岩层受淋滤后的残余卤水影响的结果,这也解释了蒸发岩沉积层序异常(钾石盐覆盖于光卤石之上)的沉积特征。因此,在本研究中,大气水在泥岩碳、氧同位素的变化中扮演了重要角色。  相似文献   

沈阳大气气溶胶光学特性及其影响因子   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

赵胡笳  马雁军  王扬锋  朱轶明 《气象与环境学报》2015,(3):43-49

利用2010年3—10月沈阳大气成分监测站CE－318太阳光度计观测资料,计算沈阳大气气溶胶光学厚度和波长指数等大气光学特性参数,结合地面气象观测资料,分析大气气溶胶光学特性及其影响因子。结果表明：沈阳气溶胶光学厚度在3—6月较高,8月较低,9—10月气溶胶光学厚度略有增加;除4月和8月外,气溶胶光学厚度与风速基本呈反相关;气溶胶光学厚度与可吸入颗粒物（particulate matter,PM）质量浓度变化趋势基本一致;气溶胶光学厚度日平均值距平的绝对值、改变率均与降水强度成正比;地面能见度与气溶胶光学厚度呈负相关。由气溶胶浑浊度系数计算的能见度在4—6月与实际观测的能见度基本吻合,由气溶胶标高计算的水平能见度整体小于实际观测的水平能见度。  相似文献   

温度和盐度对埋栖性双壳类泥蚶(Tegillarca granosa) 呼吸、排泄的影响   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

焦海峰  严巧娜  郑丹  尤仲杰  严小军 《海洋与湖沼》2015,46(6):1333-1338

在人工条件下采用静水封闭呼吸瓶的方法研究了温度、盐度对泥蚶(Tegillarca granosa)呼 吸、排泄的影响, 并综合分析了温度、盐度交互作用对呼吸、排泄的影响程度, 为泥蚶基础生物学研 究积累了资料。结果表明, 在设定的不同温度条件下泥蚶耗氧率变化范围0.63-4.47mg/(g·h), 单因 素方差分析结果显示4 个盐度条件下泥蚶耗氧率的差异均极显著(P<0.01); 排氨率的变化范围 123.11-955.68μg/(g·h), 排氨率受温度的影响也均极显著(P<0.01); 经回归发现, 在温度13-31℃ 范 围内, 耗氧率和排氨率均与温度的变化呈显著的指数相关。除温度为18℃ 时, 其它各温度条件下, 不同盐度梯度间的耗氧率差异不显著(P>0.05), 盐度对排氨率影响的变化趋势不一致。在温度 (13-31℃)和盐度(18-28)时, 温度和盐度对耗氧率、排氨率的影响均存在交互作用, 耗氧率(Y)、排 氨率(Y)与温度(T)和盐度(S)之间的二元线性回归关系为Y=a+bT+cS+dT×S.泥蚶呼吸排泄的O:N 比 在4.50-13.07 之间, 平均值为7.16.泥蚶呼吸排泄的代谢活动受温度、盐度的影响显著。  相似文献   

长江口外浮游植物死亡释放溶解有机质的降解及其溶氧消耗   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

高小丰  吴莹  朱卓毅 《海洋与湖沼》2015,46(5):1010-1017

浮游植物光合作用产生的溶解有机质(dissolved organic matter,DOM)是海洋中溶解有机质的重要来源,浮游植物死亡后释放的新鲜溶解有机质活性高、数量大、生物可利用性高,其降解过程中对溶解氧(dissolved oxygen,DO)的消耗显著。但到目前为止,对此类溶解有机质的降解过程以及其耗氧情况还鲜有研究。本文基于2013年8月东海航次,对浮游植物(硅藻为主)死亡后释放的新鲜有机质进行人工受控培养,研究其降解过程及对DO的消耗,并评估该降解过程对低氧现象形成的贡献。研究发现:培养体系中溶解有机碳(dissolved organic carbon,DOC)和DO浓度皆随时间呈指数下降,总溶解态碳水化合物(total carbohydrate,TCHO)也出现明显降解;体系的初始DOC浓度越高,降解速率常数k(DOC)、k(DO)越大,k(DOC)受DOC浓度、活性以及DO浓度的影响;培养过程中细菌丰度明显增加,添加Hg Cl2的对比实验表明细菌在降解过程中起到重要作用。本文的研究结果表明,浮游植物死亡后释放的溶解有机质的快速降解及其对溶解氧的消耗,对长江口低氧环境的促成具有重要意义。  相似文献   

Macrobenthic composition of the southeast continental shelf of India          下载免费PDF全文

Seerangan Manokaran  Syed Ajmal Khan  Parameswari S. Lyla 《Marine Ecology》2015,36(1):1-15

Macrobenthic faunal composition was studied at six different depth ranges (30–50, 51–75, 76–100, 101–150, 151–175 and >176 m) in five transects (off Karaikkal, Parangipettai, Cuddalore‐SIPCOT, Cheyyur and Chennai) in the continental shelf of southeast coast of India. Eleven diverse taxa were found, comprising 113 species of polychaetes, 14 species of bivalves, 10 species of amphipods and ‘others’ (five tanaids, five crabs, four isopods, three echinoderms, two shrimps, two cnidarians, two fishes and one cephalochordate). Polychaetes were the dominant taxa, constituting 88.5% of the total abundance and 30.7% of the total biomass. The number of species (seven per 0.2 m² at >176 m depth range in Chennai to 46 per 0.2 m² at 30–50 m in Cheyyur), abundance (216 per 0.2 m² at >176 m in Karaikkal to 353 per 0.2 m² at 30–50 m in Cheyyur) and biomass (0.09 g per 0.2 m² at 151–175 m in Karaikkal and 4.6 g per 0.2 m² at 30–50 m in Cheyyur) of macrobenthos decreased with increase in depth. DO decreased gradually from 30 m depth; beyond 150 m, the decrease was pronounced due to the presence of the oxygen minimum zone. Using the distance based linear model (DISTLM), it was found that the environmental variables explained about 73.3% of the total variability in macrofaunal distribution. The heavy metals cobalt and mercury, as well as water pressure (proxy for depth), showed a significant relationship with macrofauna, explaining respectively 9, 7.3 and 7% of the total variability. The contribution of other variables was smaller.  相似文献   

Macrobenthos relative to the oxygen minimum zone on the East Indian margin,Bay of Bengal          下载免费PDF全文

Akkur V. Raman  Rayaroth Damodaran  Lisa A. Levin  Thiruchitrambalam Ganesh  Yannamani K. V. Rao  Sateesh Nanduri  Rakhesh Madhusoodhanan 《Marine Ecology》2015,36(3):679-700

The Bay of Bengal remains one of the least studied of the world's oxygen minimum zones (OMZs). Here we offer a detailed investigation of the macrobenthos relative to oxygen minimum zone [OMZ – DO (dissolved oxygen), concentration <0.5 ml·1^?1] at 110 stations off the North East Indian margin (16⁰ and 20⁰ N) featuring coastal, shelf and slope settings (10–1004 m). Macrobenthos (>0.5 mm) composition, abundance and diversity were studied in relation to variations in depth, dissolved oxygen, sediment texture and organic carbon. Using multivariate procedures powered by SIMPROF analysis we identified distinct OMZ core sites (depth 150–280 m; DO 0.37 ml·1^?1) that exhibited dense populations of surface‐feeding polychaetes (mean 2188 ind. m^?2) represented by spionids and cossurids (96%). Molluscs and crustaceans were poorly represented except for ampeliscid amphipods. The lower OMZ sites (DO > 0.55 ml·l^?1) supported a different assemblage of polychaetes (cirratulids, amphinomids, eunicids, orbinids, paraonids), crustaceans and molluscs, albeit with low population densities (mean 343 ind. m^?2). Species richness [E(S₁₀₀)], diversity (Margalef d; H’) and evenness (J’) were lower and dominance was higher within the OMZ core region. Multiple regression analysis showed that a combination of sand, clay, organic carbon, and dissolved oxygen explained 62–78% of the observed variance in macrobenthos species richness and diversity: E(S₁₀₀) and H’. For polychaetes, clay and oxygen proved important. At low oxygen sites (DO <1 ml·l^?1), depth accounted for most variance. Residual analysis (after removing depth effects) revealed that dissolved oxygen and sediment organic matter influenced 50–62% of residual variation in E(S₁₀₀), H’ and d for total macrofauna. Of this, oxygen alone influenced up to ~50–62%. When only polychaetes were evaluated, oxygen and organic matter explained up to 58–63%. For low oxygen sites, organic matter alone had the explanatory power when dominance among polychaetes was considered. Overall, macrobenthic patterns in the Bay of Bengal were consistent with those reported for other upwelling margins. However, the compression of faunal gradients at shallower depths was most similar to the Chile/Peru margin, and different from the Arabian Sea, where the depth range of the OMZ is two times greater. The Bay of Bengal patterns may take on added significance as OMZs shoal globally.  相似文献   

Precious corals become more precious in the northwestern pacific: Urgent need for integrated policy     

《Marine Policy》2015

The limited precious coral (Coralliidae) resources in the Northwestern Pacific have been managed by Taiwan with a comprehensive management plan, by Japan with a strengthened set of management measures, and by China through the listing of such coral as a Category I national treasures. However, continuous increases in coral consumption and coral prices have stimulated overexploitation and poaching of the resource, and hence have undermined the effectiveness of these management schemes. This article discusses the current precious corals supply chain and suggests that the rise of China in purchasing substantial amounts of coral products was the underlying cause for overexploitation and poaching. Several gaps in the management schemes are also identified and discussed. The article finally concludes that there is an urgent need for establishing a cross-disciplinary integrated conservation policy and a regional management platform consisting of the three participating states to address all the relevant social and ecological issues.  相似文献   

The seafood market in Portugal: Driving forces and consequences     

《Marine Policy》2015

Portugal has the third highest seafood consumption per capita in the world and current patterns of seafood consumption are linked to how seafood products were embodied in the Portuguese society. The objective of this research is to understand Portuguese seafood consumption's main drivers and its consequences. For that official statistics were analyzed and a literature review on seafood consumption was undertaken. Portuguese seafood consumption is characterized by a wide diversity of species and preparing modes, when compared to other countries in Europe. Cod (salted and dried), does not exist in Portuguese waters but due to several factors, such as politics, religion and tradition, became the main species in Portuguese seafood consumption, representing around 38% of the national seafood demand. Five drivers are suggested to explain why Portuguese eat so much seafood: geography, marine resources, fisheries, social forces and politics; and consequences for the environment, economy and health are discussed. Hence while most dietary recommendations advise an increase in fish consumption is not applicable to Portugal and a more sustainable seafood consumption for the future is advocated.  相似文献